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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*KEbel face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a well-bred fast horse face="Times New Roman Star"áëàãîðîäíàÿ áûñòðàÿ ëîøàäü face="Times New Roman Star"kevel, kevil (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 689. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kypy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sense, invention, cleverness 2 to invent, think of face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìûñë, èçîáðåòàòåëüíîñòü, óì 2 âûäóìûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"xyby- face="Times New Roman Star"qyby- face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|búw|l 'dexterous' face="Times New Roman Star"kyp 'dexterously' face="Times New Roman Star"qybac?y 'experienced person' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260. face="Times New Roman Star"*ory face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shout, outcry 2 to make a noise, shout 3 to shout together face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðèê, âûêðèê 2 øóìåòü, êðè÷àòü 3 êðè÷àòü âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"orla- (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ory 1, orlas?- 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ory (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"orlas- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"orla- 'to moo', orlas- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 197, 230. face="Times New Roman Star"*otrug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"island face="Times New Roman Star"îñòðîâ face="Times New Roman Star"otrug| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"otrug| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"utraw face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) otrac? (dim.) (AH , CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"ortolyq face="Times New Roman Star"utraw face="Times New Roman Star"otrac, otrac?, oturas? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 367, EDT 65. In some languages the original form was folk-etymologically reinterpreted as *orta-lyk 'located in the middle'. The latter form was borrowed in Mong., with regular liquid metathesis, as WMong. olturig|, Khalkha oltrig 'small island, archipelago' (whence again Khak. oltyryx, Kum. ottyrag| (VEWT ) 'island'). face="Times New Roman Star"*sAr/ak / *sArk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become numb 2 hoar-frost 3 cold wind face="Times New Roman Star"1 íåìåòü, öåïåíåòü 2 èíåé 3 õîëîäíûé âåòåð face="Times New Roman Star"sarq- 1, sarqym 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) sazaq, sazag|an 3 face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. , MKypch.) sarq- 1 (Qutb , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"sazaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"sarnax 3 (Kach.) face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|y- 'to nag, feel pain' face="Times New Roman Star"sazar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sazar- 'to be bored' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 848, 849. Ëåêñèêà 42, 43. Despite EDT 847, the basic meaning is not "weak downward movement with no force behind it": in fact we have here a confusion of several originally different roots (see *sark- 'overflow, drip'; *sal- 'put down, lower', with the derivative *salk- which has influenced the meaning of *sark- in some languages). face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)akuru- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"slowly, quietly, gradually face="Times New Roman Star"ìåäëåííî, ïîñòåïåííî face="Times New Roman Star"aquru (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"aqru, aqrun (MK ), aqru (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"arqun (Osmanli) face="Times New Roman Star"e|kren, e|kerten; e|kert (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aqryn (Sangl. ), ag|ryn (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|yrin, ag|ryn, ag|yrtyn face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yryn face="Times New Roman Star"aqqyryn, aqqyr-aqqyr face="Times New Roman Star"arg|y:j, org|u:j face="Times New Roman Star"aqyrin face="Times New Roman Star"aqyryn face="Times New Roman Star"aqryn face="Times New Roman Star"aqyryn, aqryn, aqyrtyn face="Times New Roman Star"arqytyn face="Times New Roman Star"aqyryn face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ÝÑÒß 1, 123-124, EDT 89-90. The forms with -yn and -tyn are old forms of Instr. and Abl. cases, so the PT word is a noun. Yak. reflects the -u of the second syllable. face="Times New Roman Star"*gEbre face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 corpse 2 to die (of animals) face="Times New Roman Star"1 òðóï 2 äîõíóòü (î æèâîòíûõ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vre 'carrion' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"geber-, (dial.) gevre- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ga"ba"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"vre 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qavraj- 'èñòëåâàòü, òëåòü' (Àøì. 6, 19) (?) face="Times New Roman Star"geber- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"geber- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 244, EDT 690, ÝÑÒß 3, 36. The root is confused here with *ge:p- 'to swell (of belly), become pregnant' (with which it indeed contaminates in Oghuz languages). face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mbe, -lek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mushroom face="Times New Roman Star"ãðèá face="Times New Roman Star"go"melek (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"go"mbe| face="Times New Roman Star"go"ba"la"k face="Times New Roman Star"ko"melek face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|mba face="Times New Roman Star"go"mbe| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 101 (Chuv. is hardly < Old Russian, which already had guba, not go,ba). face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"spool, skein, sheaf face="Times New Roman Star"êàòóøêà, ìîòîê, âÿçàíêà face="Times New Roman Star"ku"les?, dial. ku"ltem face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte (AH , At-Tuhf., KW) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ltem face="Times New Roman Star"k@lde (possibly < Tat.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lte face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 139, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 272-273. Turk. > Kalm. ku"lt@- 'to bind, fasten' (KW 245). face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be angry, offended face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäèòüñÿ, îáèæàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- (IM , AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 152-153. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"te(re) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bog, marsh face="Times New Roman Star"áîëîòî face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ter, ko"te| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"dre face="Times New Roman Star"ku"dre face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ter (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 154-155. face="Times New Roman Star"*Katar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to wait face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâîðà÷èâàòü (ëîøàäü) âñïÿòü; îáðàùàòü âðàãà â áåãñòâî 2 ãíàòü, ïðåñëåäîâàòü 3 ïàñòè 4 íàáëþäàòü 5 æäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qatar- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 604, ÝÑÒß 5, 337. face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bread face="Times New Roman Star"õëåá face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK ), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmek face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"k face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmek face="Times New Roman Star"ipek face="Times New Roman Star"itpa"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpek face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek face="Times New Roman Star"iekmek face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations. face="Times New Roman Star"*TAry- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to cultivate (ground) face="Times New Roman Star"âîçäåëûâàòü (çåìëþ) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"teri- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 532, ÝÑÒß 3, 157-159 (confused with *da.ry-g 'millet' q. v. sub *ta>ra ). face="Times New Roman Star"*KAkma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of sheepskin face="Times New Roman Star"âèä îâ÷èíû face="Times New Roman Star"qaqma (CCum ., ShS ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ek- ( ? -i-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"silk bead embroidery face="Times New Roman Star"âûøèâêà áèñåðîì ïî øåëêó face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'embroidered brocade' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?igen 'golden embroidery' (R - Kas.); c?ig- 'to embroider' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'floral designs embroidered in silk' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sige- 'to embroider' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ij tigis? 'âûøèâàíèå ãëàäüþ' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 415-416, ÄÒÑ 143. Despite Clauson, cannot be < Chin. face="Times New Roman Star"*b(i)a>k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bad, evil face="Times New Roman Star"ïëîõîé, äóðíîé, íåãîäíûé face="Times New Roman Star"bag|aj face="Times New Roman Star"bag|ajy 'fool, monster' face="Times New Roman Star"ba'q face="Times New Roman Star"ba'q face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 57. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?a:rba- (*c?a:rma-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 squirrel 2 sable, marten face="Times New Roman Star"1 áåëêà 2 ñîáîëü, êóíèöà face="Times New Roman Star"sarbax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?arbaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?yrbyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sa:rba 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 100, 403. A regional Siberian root. face="Times New Roman Star"*jur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"patch of cloth, rag face="Times New Roman Star"ëîñêóòû, ëîõìîòüÿ face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"joron (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?urux face="Times New Roman Star"d'urun face="Times New Roman Star"s/orúm 'bundle of flax or hemp' face="Times New Roman Star"c?uruq face="Times New Roman Star"c?uruq face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryn (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jorqaq, joron face="Times New Roman Star"z?|urun face="Times New Roman Star"jurq- 'to pinch (hair)' face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryndy face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 970, ÝÑÒß 4, 255-256, Àøì. XII, 270. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAgatur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hero face="Times New Roman Star"ãåðîé face="Times New Roman Star"bag|atur (Orkh., n. pr.) face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. ) bahatur, CCum . bag|atur face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ma:dyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 313, VEWT 55. Cf. the name of the Xiongnu shanyu, MC ma^w-ton (*mag|u-tur). This Turkic word was borrowed into numerous surrounding languages (Iranian, Mongolian etc., see the literature in ÝÑÒß ). Modern forms like batyr, batur are back-borrowings from Mong.; forms of the type baxatir - back-borrowings from Persian.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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